Heavy sweating during strenuous sports, heat or sauna sessions, diarrhea, nausea, or a hangover. There are common causes that can lead to an electrolyte deficiency. But what are electrolytes actually? Why do we need these minerals? What influence do they have on our well-being? What are the symptoms of having too few electrolytes? We provide clarification.
Electrolytes: Sodium, Potassium & Co.
Electrolytes are classified as minerals. They are chemical compounds that can conduct electrical current when dissolved in water. Most ions—electrically charged molecules or atoms—occur in the body as electrolytes. Some of these are of outstanding importance for health. These include potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium.
What can sodium, potassium & Co. do?
- The minerals potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium in particular play an important role in the water balance
- They are responsible for various cell functions
- In healthy individuals, the electrolytes inside the cells are always in balance with those outside the cells
- They regulate body fluids, such as synovial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or the fluid in the gastrointestinal tract
- These minerals regulate the pH value in the blood
- Electrolytes support the functionality and interaction of nerve and muscle cells
How do I get electrolytes?
Since the body does not produce these various minerals itself, they must be consumed through drinks and food. A practical way to consume electrolytes is with electrolyte effervescent tablets. Isotonic drinks rich in these minerals are well-known among athletes. Non-alcoholic beer is also often cited for its isotonic properties.
Electrolyte Active
Electrolyte powder for rehydration
How can an electrolyte deficiency occur?
A deficiency in electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium can be caused by various factors:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Heavy sweating during physical exertion
- Alcohol consumption
- Malnutrition
- Endocrine gland disorders
What symptoms can an electrolyte deficiency cause?
Depending on which mineral is in short supply and the resulting electrolyte deficiency, various symptoms may appear:
- In the case of sodium deficiency, cravings for salty foods, severe fatigue, and muscle weakness—up to and including seizures—occur.
- If the body lacks potassium, the person feels exhausted and weak. Leg cramps, such as calf cramps, and constipation are also typical signs of a potassium deficiency.
- Typical symptoms of calcium deficiency are muscle cramps and twitching. An irregular heartbeat (“heart palpitations”) or seizures can also be linked to calcium deficiency.
- In the case of a magnesium deficiency, mild twitching or an impairment of the sense of orientation can occur as side effects.
What happens if there are too many electrolytes?
The body generally excretes unneeded minerals without any problems. However, hormonal disorders can lead to an excess. This surplus also disrupts the balance and damages the human organism in the long run.
Would you like to learn more about this topic? Here you can find more information on minerals and trace elements.
